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The history of bars or taverns, as they were known, dates back to the British era when many bars were opened to entertain the huge crowd, which had come in due to the gold rush. It is believed that Jamaica had more churches and bars for each square mile compared to any other country in the world.

These taverns served Jamaica and Antigua spirits, Sangaree, Negus, punch, and lemonade. They also serve “slings”, which are liquids containing spirits and water, sweetened with loafsugar and nutmeg. The other non-alcoholic drinks served in these bars included punch, tea, coffee, chocolate shakes, and wines. However, the French officers introduced the fashion of consuming brandy.

Rum bars and dancehalls have become the recreational hub where most people express themselves through music and dance. Dancehalls and rum bars have become the place for social interaction and entertainment for the working class.

These days the operators of a good rum bar organizes many activities for its patrons such as partner saving schemes and round robins, birthday parties, theme parties, costume parties, anniversary sessions and talent contests.
Some big bars have pool and billiards tables, dominoes, and cards games, all played for cash prizes. These bars typically have a variety of slot and gaming machines for their customers’ enjoyment. The conventional rural bars still own and run jukeboxes. Every good bar usually has a sound system and selector, either fulltime or on weekends.

A very vital function of the bars in Jamaica is that this is where the most contemporary releases in dancehall music are launched and played. Similarly, when the course plotting of motorcades is being planned, stopping for a small amount of time at strategic bars is deemed obligatory.

A relatively recent additional service, which the more trendy bars provide to the entertainment business, is their use as videotape sets, now and then using its customers as extras for the shooting of scenes for the music videos of dancehall acts.

By: Ross Bainbridge

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A dental hygienist is required to clean and polish teeth, instruct the patient about oral hygiene, as well as the care to be taken after the treatment. He/she is also required to provide other preventive care, apart from assisting the dentist during examination and treatment. A dental hygienist is also required to take X-rays, set molds for crowns, handle stitches, polish filling, apart from recording medical history as well as medication list. You would require an associate degree in dental hygiene for working in a dental office, whereas an advanced qualification may be required in case of other avenues like clinics, or research facilities.

If you are applying for the post of dental hygienist, then in that case, you take a number of factors in account, while you are preparing a resume. The following are some of the aspects, which you need to take care of, while you are preparing a resume for the post of dental hygienist:

1. Make sure that you mention only those experiences, which are related to the post of dental hygienist; such as Two years experience as Dental Assistant with XXXX dental clinic, or one year experience as Dental Hygienist with XXXX dental hospital.

2. Make sure that you also mention those jobs performed by you, which are similar to those which you would be required to do as a dental hygienist, in the organization, which you are applying for, such as assessment of dental conditions, taking care of medical history review, dental charts, perio charts, record vital signs as per requirement, provide direct care to the patients, clean, polish, take x-rays, administering sealants/flourides, or development of personalized dental care plans. Other functions can also be mentioned, such as providing patient education, making impressions of the teeth, or documenting dental history.

3. You should also mention the qualities, which can help you in effective performance of your duties, such as excellent knowledge, in regard to Federal regulations as well as guidelines as per dental services, sound capability for independent assessment, remarkable ability in performance of dental hygiene protocols, excellent knowledge of patient screening, charting, as well as medical history, adept in preparing dental equipments etc.

4. Make sure that you properly mention the educational qualifications, such as Certified Dental Hygienist, or Bachelor’s degree in Dental Hygiene. You can also mention any other degree related to dental treatment.

Apart from the above minute factors like fonts and formats, tend to make a major difference as well.

By: Alice K Gold

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If you are looking for a fast-track entry into the health care field, dental hygienist schools can quickly train you for a career as a Dental Hygienist (also known as a Dental Assistant). The profession of Dental Hygienist is a good choice, since qualified professional dental technicians are always in demand. Dental hygienist schools offer professional certification to qualify you to work in a dental office performing a variety of interesting duties in a clean, bright environment.

Dental hygienist schools can teach you how to provide vital support to a dental practice by performing patient care, as well as administrative and laboratory duties. Dental hygienist classes take place in a clinical setting, where you will learn to assist the dentist during patient examination and treatment. You will learn to prepare patients for treatment, obtain dental records, and perform routine cleanings and oral exams.

You will become familiar with dental terminology and anatomy, preventive dentistry, nutrition, dental diseases, radiology, anesthesiology, and pathology. Because dental hygienists must maintain a sterile environment, dental hygienist training will teach you how to sterilize equipment and prepare and provide trays of instruments to the dentist for procedures, make dental impressions, create restorations, take x-rays, process x-ray film, remove sutures, apply topical anesthetics to gums, and remove excess materials used in the dental procedures. You will also be prepared to instruct patients on post treatment care and preventive care.

In addition to teaching the clinical duties of a dental assistant, dental hygienist schools also instruct in office duties, such as scheduling and confirming appointments, keeping treatment records, ordering and stocking dental supplies, making insurance claims, and billing and receiving payments. You will learn how to perform all of these tasks with confidence.

Most states regulate dental hygienists, and most require licensure, registration, or professional certification. Certification from one of the top dental hygienist schools will give you the advantage when seeking employment as a dental hygienist. Before applying for a position with a dental office, however, you should investigate regional laws and regulations to be sure you can meet the requirements.

If you are interested in learning more about Dental Hygienist Schools, why not start today? Submit a request to a few choice schools on our website and you will soon have all the information you need to choose the right Dental Hygienist training for you.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on SchoolsGalore.com.

Copyright 2007 – All rights reserved by Media Positive Communications, Inc., Managing Organization for SchoolsGalore.com

Notice: Publishers are free to use this article on an ezine or website, provided the article is reprinted in its entirety, including copyright and disclaimer, and ALL links remain intact and active.

By: Michael Bustamante

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One of the most asked questions by adults and children is the origin of the toothbrush. There are several schools of thought on when the real toothbrush was created, but you need to look far into the past for the first evidences of oral hygiene.

The Chinese were believed to create the first real toothbrush, or a device that was used to clean teeth, but it was much different than the ones that we are used to today. These first toothbrushes, crafted in the 1400s, did not use nylon for bristles, or plastic for the handles. They were crafted from bamboo, one of the most common plants from that area. The bamboo formed the handle for people to hold on to. Attached to this handle was a set of bristles, which were crafted from the tough hair of the Siberian wild boar. The hairs used came from the back of the neck of this animal. This is the toothbrush associated with having been the ancestor of the one that we use today.

However, there is evidence that there was another form of the toothbrush dating up to 3000 years before the birth of Christ. Due to this, the history of the toothbrush proves that this device is one of the oldest still used by man, only truly outdated by the wheel. This form of the toothbrush was found within pyramids of the Egyptians. These toothbrushes were crafted from a stick. Unlike the Chinese version of the toothbrush, the end of the stick was flayed so that the fibers of the wood were more soft. This stick was then rubbed against the teeth to serve as a form of oral hygiene. This form of the toothbrush did not become far spread as the Chinese version.

The Chinese version of the toothbrush spread to Europe, where the Siberian wild boar took the brunt of the growing popularity of the invention. The only downside to the hairs of the Siberian wild boar was the fact that it was very rough on the gums. On account of this, some people began to use the hairs found on the backs of horses to craft the bristles on their brushes, as this was much easier on their gums and teeth. Despite the added softness of the horse hair bristles, the boar hairs were more commonly used, as horses were too valuable to Europeans during this period of time.

The boar hair toothbrush continued to be used until the early 1900s. In 1937, nylon was created in the Du Pont laboratories by Wallace H. Carothers. This invention forever changed the history of the toothbrush, as well as every other device that required a fibrous material, including ropes. In 1938, Nylon became the sign of modernization, from the creation of nylon stockings to Dr. West’s first nylon toothbrush. This brush was called Dr. West’s Miracle Toothbrush. Even with this breakthrough in the toothbrush, it wasn’t until World War II that Americans began to take oral hygiene more seriously. This was a direct result of the war. This influence spurred on the development of better toothbrushes.

Toothpaste & Whiteners

Another aspect of toothbrush history that should be taken into account is toothpaste and other whiteners. These are usually used with the toothbrush in order to make certain that the teeth and breath were acceptable. The concept of toothpaste and mouth washes is pretty old – almost as old as the Egyptians toothbrush. The earliest known toothpaste was created by the Egyptians. It was said to contain a drachma of rock salt, two drachmas of mint, one drachma of dried iris flowers and 20 grains of pepper. This was then crushed and mixed together to form a powder. When mixed with saliva and applied to the teeth, it would help whiten and clean your teeth. When experimented with by an Australian dentist, the mixture worked far better than anything else created until the twenty first century. The only downside was the fact that it caused his gums to bleed.

In the 18th Century, the next recorded version of toothpaste occurred. This mixture called for dragon’s blood, cinnamon and burn alum. This mixture tends to be more of an amusement for many scientists, as there is no proof that “dragon’s” existed. What may have really been considered to be dragon’s blood is unknown.

The 19th Century saw a lot of innovations to toothpaste, although many of them would be repulsive compared to what we are used to today. Charcoal, for example, was used to clean teeth. Most of the toothpastes of this time were powders that became a paste when introduced to saliva. A lot of these different toothpastes were designed to both clean teeth and give the user better breath. This is where the modern idea for toothpaste came of, and one of the turn points in the history of toothpaste. The combination of these pastes and the toothbrush worked to ensure that there was a higher chance of cleaner and healthier teeth and gums.

It wasn’t until the 1900s that toothpastes evolved to be more modern. Colgate, and many other toothpaste companies, worked to design toothpastes that tasted good while providing the means to clean teeth while not causing gums to bleed. Many ingredients are now used in toothpastes, with Fluoride being one of the most common. There are a wide variety of “herbal” toothpastes as well, which do not contain this component. Each of these types are designed to fit the needs and wants of every type of person out there. This high level of choice is the primary evolution of toothpastes. While only a few were available as early as the Egyptian days, now there is something for everyone.

The combination of the toothpaste and modern toothbrush gives everyone the oral hygiene and dental health that they need to be able to have the sparkling teeth that is desired by so many. This combination also helps prevent the loss of your teeth later in life, so that dentures are not required as early. The history of the toothbrush and toothpaste shouldn’t be looked down upon, as the options used back then were no where near as pleasant as the types available today.

By: Rebecca Blain

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The role of the Dental Hygienist within the dental practice is primarily one of prevention and education.

The Dental Hygienist is someone who is trained to identify and treat dental disease, under the supervision of a Dentist, and educate patients to prevent dental disease.

The Dental Hygienist evaluates and assesses oral health and hygiene, then provides individual and tailored advice to the patient.

What can the Dental Hygienist help you to prevent?

The two most common dental diseases are Periodontal (Gum) Disease and Tooth Decay. Both diseases, to a degree, are preventable.

What is Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal disease is the single most common cause of tooth loss in the Western World. It will effect up to 90 per cent of the population at any one time and is, in most cases, preventable. This disease will destroy the supporting structures of the teeth which will eventually end in tooth loss.

What causes this Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria found in dental plaque. If left to maturate, the plaque bacteria will start to release toxins which irritate the periodontal tissues (gums). This irritation manifests as inflammation of the gums. This is the start of the gum disease process.

The Stages of Periodontal Disease.

Periodontal Disease starts with a mild inflammation of the gums, triggered by the plaque bacteria which have matured for 48 hours. This early form of gum disease is known as Gingivitis and is, at this stage, totally reversible and no long term damage is sustained.

Gingivitis literally translates as inflammation of the gingival tissues (gums). In addition to the bacteria releasing toxins, the plaque deposits calcify, both above and below the gum line, further irritating the tissues and attracting a layer of plaque to its surface. If left untreated and allowed to progress, Gingivitis can lead to Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a more advanced disease and the deeper supporting structures are now affected. The bone and ligament which hold the teeth in place are destroyed and, without these structures, may then lead to eventual tooth loss. Deep pockets develop between the tooth and the gum, making good oral hygiene very difficult to maintain.

How can I prevent Periodontal Disease?

Good oral hygiene on a daily basis is the most important factor in preventing this disease. The regular and effective removal of plaque means that the bacteria are not allowed to mature enough to release the toxins which cause gum disease.

The Dental Hygienist can teach you the skills required to maintain good oral health. In addition to this, regular maintenance appointments with the Hygienist to clean and polish the teeth are important to remove the calcified deposits, which you are unable to remove and clean the hard to reach areas. The early diagnosis of periodontal disease is extremely important in preventing damage to the supporting structures of the teeth.

How do I know if I have Periodontal Disease?

The signs to look for are: 1. Redness or tenderness of the gums; 2. Bleeding gums with brushing or flossing; 3. Persistent bad breath or bad taste in the mouth; and/or 4. Loose teeth or teeth that appear to have moved.

If you are noticing any of these signs or have any concerns regarding your gums it is important to contact your Dentist, as early diagnosis of this disease may determine the success of treatment.

What is Dental Decay? Dental decay/caries is the other most common dental disease of the modern world, particularly with the increase in consumption of refined carbohydrates (sugar). Firstly, the disease process breaks down the hard outer layer of the tooth surface, called enamel. This layer is then undermined and a cavity forms. The tooth becomes weak and breaks and the nerve can become damaged.

What causes Dental Decay? When certain bacteria that live in the mouth get exposed to sugars, they produce an acid. It is this acid that starts the breakdown of the enamel surface and the tooth structure.

How can we prevent Dental Decay?

1. A good balanced sensible diet with a reduced sugar intake, especially between meals;

2. Good oral hygiene routine at home;

3. Good saliva flow; Saliva flow can be increased by chewing sugar free gum.

4. Regular exposure to Fluoride, both in toothpaste/mouthwash, water supply or professional application; and

5. Regular six monthly checks with your Dentist, so that problems may detected early whilst they are small.

So as we can see, in short, the Dental Hygienist is a very valuable and important person in maintaining your oral health and wellbeing.

By: Karen L Smith

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Don’t you know that Coach Canvas bags are totally in fashion this year? These bags are not just for single women who hunts men but to every woman in all ages. Even newly mothers would spend dollars for a good canvas diaper bag. Those mothers who look for a roomy bag to hold the baby bottles have really appreciated these canvas bags. It suffices a mother’s baby-sitting needs and her love for fashion.

Coach Canvas totes have a lot of types to choose from. For mothers, they would surely want the Diaper bags. These bags are meant for new mommies who still want to be on style even if they are carrying their babies. It is very roomy and very sturdy. Your bottles and baby diapers will stand firmly with Coach’s solid canvas. One thing that I like about Coach Canvas diaper totes is that they are very stylish in design. The styles are not one of those baby bags with elephants and baby rattles for prints. Coach have made their canvas purse so sophisticated that even if your baby has grown and you will not need a diaper bag, you can still use it as an everyday bag.

While for other singles, for sure there is a canvas bag design that would suit your personality. They come in hobo, satchel and even slings. You will surely have a sling for yourself. They come in different designs. Teens will love a khaki Coach Hobo canvas purse while college girls would appreciate a tote bag in its natural colors. With Coach’s different designs such as the Poppy and Coach’s signature collections.

Practicality should be the first reason why you get a handbag. And a Coach Canvas bag has it. The bags are affordable for a designer bag. Thus, you will get a taste of luxury without spending a large amount of money. You will surely have a good Coach bag for you.

By: Jean Arcena

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You will find endless varieties of baby slings in the market today. Only you have to choose the one that suits you best. The basic types of slings include pouch slings, ring sling, wraps sling, folding slings and many others. The sling carriers come in fabric as well as design types. Ring sling is probably the most popular type of baby sling. Ring slings are the usually made of long straps of fabric that are adjusted with rings. You may choose between padded as well as non padded ring slings. Usually the ring slings come in different shapes sizes and with different features. They offer every type of advantages to give complete comfort to your child. It can be used from the new born stage till the toddler stage.

The ring slings offer a number of advantages

o Easy to use: The ring slings are easy to use. Almost all the ring slings will fit you. The size only dictates the tail size. It involves a very easy process for handling. In fact it is of great help for those who find comfortable in using it. The usage of ring slings also involves much lesser time to handle your child comfortably, but it is a great sling for all those who find it handy.

o Flexible: A ring sling comes in variety of types. It is versatile. Usually the sling is designed in such a manner that it can be used to cup the shoulder. As you wear the sling, it spreads at your back naturally. This helps you to keep your baby secure and comfortable.

o Enables you to carry your child in different positions: The ring sling allows you to carry your child in an upright position. It is of great help for the parents whose child prefers tummy-to-tummy hold or upright position. The top rail of a ring sling helps children to tighten your child and offer complete support to your baby in a vertical position.

o Offer all possible comfort to your child. The top rail of the carrier enables the parents to position their child in the perfect manner to provide discreet breastfeeding. Almost all the variety of ring slings come in a very compact shape. This makes the ring slings diaper-bag friendly.

However, while you are purchasing a ring sling, certainly check out the age and the temperament of your child. See which size would be best for you within your budget.

By: Melville Jackson

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How about a profession in the dental hygiene practice? For healthy living, proper care is needed concerning the basic hygiene clauses, and among them, oral hygiene is a must-do. If you think serving the society and ensuring healthy living is your forte, being a dental hygienist you can do just as you wish. This flexible career demands skilled professionals in the Dental Clinics where the hygienists work with the dentist to maintaining oral hygiene. As a dental hygienist, you get to directly involved with patient care and engage in various tasks related to preventive measures in dental care. Generally dentists oversee the performance of a dental hygienist. By accepting greater number of responsibilities in the medication and administrative sections, the dental hygiene practitioner ensure fast and effective treatment for the visiting patients.

For all those who wish to follow such a profession, various Dental Hygienist Programs have been set up. You can choose from various training programs offered by reputed institutions. Online Dental Hygienist Programs are also available.

Basic Tasks
As a dental hygienist you will be assigned varied clinical tasks in the dental facility. According to your ‘know-how ‘and experience your job responsibility is determined. However there are certain basic procedures you ought to perform. For a first hand service, assessing your patient is very essential. His medical history should be assessed, a documentation of his ailments must be procured, required x-rays taken and then a thorough examination of his oral condition needs to be done. This assessment helps in proper diagnosis of the problems, and also ensures appropriate treatment and therapies are followed on the merit of a particular case. Though the treatment is finally approved by the dentist, the diagnosis does play a vital role. According to the requirements, you are to frame and plan the treatment. Afterwards, when the dentist performs the necessary operations, it is the duty of the hygienist to ensure proper implementation. A patient’s post-operation condition is evaluated by the hygienist.

Education and Qualification
A career in dental hygiene is highly respected across the country. To become a dental hygiene practitioner you must have a degree from a suitable institute and undertake a Dental Hygiene Program. At first, you must complete a university course in any field, and then opt for a diploma course at a college or you may even take up a degree course in dental hygiene. Only then can you be registered and eligible for a license. Before enrolling in the Dental Hygiene Program, high school diploma is mandatory. Accreditation is offered by The Commission on Dental Accreditation. It assures adequate training and worldwide recognition.
Job Prospects and Opportunities

All over the state dental hygienists are required in the dental clinics. They can perform variety of operations and maintain public health conditions. As they are the primary help for dentists, job prospects are on the rise. The job is flexible as some prefer to work part time and go easy on their schedule. Though the wages differ with the workplace, an average $32 to $55 is offered per hour. You can also obtain license and open up a private clinic.

Though the scope of work for a dental hygienist is limited due to dental regulations, the vocation does not fail to make a mark in the society.

By: Christina G. Flannagan

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If you have ever considered a career as a healthcare professional, the dental hygiene career might be right for you. Dental hygienists are important members of the dental health care team who work with dentists in the delivery of dental care to patients. Hygienists use knowledge and clinical skills to counsel patients on dental hygiene care. These dental professionals must like helping people, enjoy working with their hands, and are interested in helping to prevent disease. A dental hygiene career offers women and men of all ages and backgrounds excellent career opportunities.

Dental hygienists are an integral part of a dental practice. They perform technical duties in addition to teaching patients appropriate oral hygiene techniques. The also counsel patients about good nutrition and its impact on their oral health. Employment of dental hygienists is expected to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2014. They also rank among the fastest growing occupations in response to increasing demand for dental care and an increased use of hygienists to perform services formerly done only by dentists. Population growth and greater retention of natural teeth will keep jobs prospects on the rise for dental hygienists. Also, as dentists’ become increasingly busy, they are predicted to hire more hygienists to perform preventive dental care, such as cleaning.

In 2004, the Commission on Dental Accreditation (http://www.ada.org/) accredited 266 programs in dental hygiene. A high school diploma and college entrance test scores are typically requisite for admission to a dental hygiene program. A minimum of two years of college education that combines classroom and clinical coursework is necessary to become a dental hygienist. Most dental hygiene programs grant an associate degree, while others offer a certificate, a bachelor’s degree, or a master’s degree. An associate degree or certificate in dental hygiene is normally required to work in a private dental office. A bachelor’s degree or master’s degree is required for research, teaching, or clinical practice in public or school health programs. While enrolled in a dental hygiene program, students will study histology (the study of tissue structure), periodontology (the study of gum diseases), pathology, dental materials, and clinical dental hygiene to prepare them for work in the field.

Dental hygienists held approximately 158,000 jobs last year. Even with this high number of employed hygienists, the number of jobs available exceeds the qualified candidates available to fill them. More than half of all dental hygienists work what is considered to be part time or less than 35 hours a week. Nearly all dental hygienists work in dentists’ offices, with very few employed in other areas. The median hourly earnings of dental hygienists were $28.05. These earnings will vary slightly by geographic location, and experience.

By: Melissa Steele

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The dental hygiene profession is one of the fastest growing professions in the country, according to the Department of Labor.